Hibernate annotations + Spring transactions in OSGI

On our new project we decided to develop backend as services deployed on Servicemix 4.2. To make it easier for developers more familiar with ‘traditional’ web applications based on spring+hibernate stack it should (at least partially) resemble such application. Therefore, we want to have following bundles:

  • model –  containing hibernate classes
  • dao – implemented using hibernate template
  • service – interfaces for bundles implementing webservices, also controlling transactions, validation and similar stuff

So far, so good. Additional requirements are:

  • hibernate is configured using annotations
  • we use declarative transaction management with spring @Transactional annotation

Now, the question is – how to achieve it in OSGI environment? There are some tutorials on the web, but I haven’t found anything about this particular configuration, so I want to share our solution – as it wasn’t as straightforward as one might expect.

Hibernate bundle

The very first problem was the structure of hibernate jars themselves. It turned out that simple

wrap:mvn:org.hibernate:hibernate:3.3.1.GA

is not enough when one wants to use annotations. The problem is that both hibernate-core, and hibernate-annotations are using same package, namely org.hibernate.cfg. This is pretty anti-OSGI design, as OSGI bundle can use package exported by exactly one bundle.

The solution is of course pretty simple – we have to create our own bundle, which embeds both hibernate jars. This can be achieved with following maven-bundle-plugin configuration:

          

    *;uses:="org.hibernate";version=3.3.1.GA
    !*
    *;scope=compile|runtime;type=!pom;inline=true

Of course, you have to add hibernate dependencies to pom.

Session factory and transaction management

Servicemix has its own JTA TransactionManager, and at first I wanted to use it for managing our hibernate transactions. Unfortunatelly it turned to be somewhat tricky, so I decided to use simple solution, i.e. org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager. It is declared in our dao bundle and exported as OSGI service:

	

    org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager

Then, in service bundle we import it, and configure declarative transactions:


So far, it doesn’t look much more complicated than in traditional, monolithic war application. But there is one more caveat:

org.hibernate.jdbc.ConnectionWrapper is not visible from class loader

At first I thought it’s a matter of some misconfigured import/export declarations in some of our bundles. However, after some googling it turned out that it’s Hibernate’s bug

It is caused by using Thread context classloader when obtaining connection. It looks that the bug itself is already fixed, but we didn’t want to change to Hibernate 3.5 just because of that.

It turns out that there is quire simple workaround – you just need to make Spring aspect that will set context classloader to proper one (i.e. bundle class loader) before opening hibernate session, and you’re done. But again, using Servicemix makes it slightly harded, as it turns out that using @AspectJ style poses some difficulties (see e.g. this thread).

But it turns out that there is pretty simple solution – use old, Spring 1.x-style aspects :). This requires a bit more boilerplate xml, but at least we got it working pretty quickly.

The aspect class, setting proper classloader:

public class AspectFix implements MethodInterceptor {

    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        ClassLoader contextClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
        try {
            return invocation.proceed();
        }
            finally{ Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(contextClassLoader);
        }
    }

The xml config:


      .*

    *Service

      fix

Final remark – now the service bundle has to import org.hibernate.jdbc to make it all work – as its classloader is used to initialize connection now.

To sum up: this is definitely not the most elegant solution one can imagine- but it’s working.

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CasperJS for Java developers

Why CasperJS

Being a Java developer is kinda hard these days. Java may not be dead yet, but when keeping in sync with all the hipster JavaScript frameworks could make us feel a bit outside the playground. It’s even hard to list JavaScript frameworks with latest releases on one website.

In my current project, we are using AngularJS. It’a a nice abstraction of MV* pattern in frontend layer of any web application (we use Grails underneath). Here is a nice article with an 8-point Win List of Angular way of handling AJAX calls and updating the view. So it’s not only a funny new framework but a truly helper of keeping your code clean and neat.

But there is also another area when you can put helpful JS framework in place of plan-old-java one - functional tests. Especially when you are dealing with one page app with lots of asynchronous REST/JSON communication.

Selenium and Geb

In Java/JVM project the typical is to use Selenium with some wrapper like Geb. So you start your project, setup your CI-functional testing pipeline and… after 1 month of coding your tests stop working and being maintainable. The frameworks itselves are not bad, but the typical setup is so heavy and has so many points of failure that keeping it working in a real life project is really hard.

Here is my list of common myths about Selenium: * It allows you to record test scripts via handy GUI - maybe some static request/response sites. In modern web applications with asynchronous REST/JSON communication your tests must contain a lot of “waitFor” statements and you cannot automate where these should be included. * It allows you to test your web app against many browsers - don’t try to automate IE tests! You have to manually open your app in IE to see how it actually bahaves! * It integrates well with continuous integration servers like Jenkins - you have to setup Selenium Grid on server with X installed to run tests on Chrome or Firefox and a Windows server for IE. And the headless HtmlUnit driver lacks a lot of JS support.

So I decided to try something different and introduce a bit of JavaScript tooling in our project by using CasperJS.

Introduction

CasperJS is simple but powerful navigation scripting & testing utility for PhantomJS - scritable headless WebKit (which is an rendering engine used by Safari and Chrome). In short - CasperJS allows you to navigate and make assertions about web pages as they’d been rendered in Google Chrome. It is enough for me to automate the functional tests of my application.

If you want a gentle introduction to the world of CasperJS I suggest you to read: * Official website, especially installation guide and API * Introductionary article from CasperJS creator Nicolas Perriault * Highlevel testing with CasperJS by Kevin van Zonneveld * grails-angular-scaffolding plugin by Rob Fletcher with some working CasperJS tests

Full example

I run my test suite via following script:

casperjs test --direct --log-level=debug --testhost=localhost:8080 --includes=test/casper/includes/casper-angular.coffee,test/casper/includes/pages.coffee test/casper/specs/

casper-angular.coffe

casper.test.on "fail", (failure) ->
    casper.capture(screenshot)

testhost   = casper.cli.get "testhost"
screenshot = 'test-fail.png'

casper
    .log("Using testhost: #{testhost}", "info")
    .log("Using screenshot: #{screenshot}", "info")

casper.waitUntilVisible = (selector, message, callback) ->
    @waitFor ->
        @visible selector
    , callback, (timeout) ->
        @log("Selector [#{selector}] not visible, failing")
        withParentSelector selector, (parent) ->
            casper.log("Output of parent selector [#{parent}]")
            casper.debugHTML(parent)
        @echo message, "RED_BAR"
        @capture(screenshot)
        @test.fail(f("Wait timeout occured (%dms)", timeout))

withParentSelector = (selector, callback) ->
    if selector.lastIndexOf(" ") > 0
       parent = selector[0..selector.lastIndexOf(" ")-1]
       callback(parent)

Sample pages.coffee:

x = require('casper').selectXPath

class EditDocumentPage

    assertAt: ->
        casper.test.assertSelectorExists("div.customerAccountInfo", 'at EditDocumentPage')

    templatesTreeFirstCategory: 'ul.tree li label'
    templatesTreeFirstTemplate: 'ul.tree li a'
    closePreview: '.closePreview a'
    smallPreview: '.smallPreviewContent img'
    bigPreview: 'img.previewImage'
    confirmDelete: x("//div[@class='modal-footer']/a[1]")

casper.editDocument = new EditDocumentPage()

End a test script:

testhost = casper.cli.get "testhost" or 'localhost:8080'

casper.start "http://#{testhost}/app", ->
    @test.assertHttpStatus 302
    @test.assertUrlMatch /\/fakeLogin/, 'auto login'
    @test.assert @visible('input#Create'), 'mock login button'
    @click 'input#Create'

casper.then ->
    @test.assertUrlMatch /document#\/edit/, 'new document'
    @editDocument.assertAt()
    @waitUntilVisible @editDocument.templatesTreeFirstCategory, 'template categories not visible', ->
        @click @editDocument.templatesTreeFirstCategory
        @waitUntilVisible @editDocument.templatesTreeFirstTemplate, 'template not visible', ->
            @click @editDocument.templatesTreeFirstTemplate

casper.then ->
    @waitUntilVisible @editDocument.smallPreview, 'small preview not visible', ->
        # could be dblclick / whatever
        @mouseEvent('click', @editDocument.smallPreview)

casper.then ->
    @waitUntilVisible @editDocument.bigPreview, 'big preview should be visible', ->
        @test.assertEvalEquals ->
            $('.pageCounter').text()
        , '1/1', 'page counter should be visible'
        @click @editDocument.closePreview

casper.then ->
    @click 'button.cancel'
    @waitUntilVisible '.modal-footer', 'delete confirmation not visible', ->
        @click @editDocument.confirmDelete

casper.run ->
    @test.done()

Here is a list of CasperJS features/caveats used here:

  • Using CoffeeScript is a huge win for your test code to look neat
  • When using casper test command, beware of different (than above articles) logging setup. You can pass --direct --log-level=debug from commandline for best results. Logging is essential here since Phantom often exists without any error and you do want to know what just happened.
  • Extract your helper code into separate files and include them by using --includes switch.
  • When passing server URL as a commandline switch remember that in CoffeeScript variables are not visible between multiple source files (unless getting them via window object)
  • It’s good to override standard waitUntilVisible with capting a screenshot and making a proper log statement. In my version I also look for a parent selector and debugHTML the content of it - great for debugging what is actually rendered by the browser.
  • Selenium and Geb have a nice concept of Page Objects - an abstract models of pages rendered by your application. Using CoffeeScript you can write your own classes, bind selectors to properties and use then in your code script. Assigning the objects to casper instance will end up with quite nice syntax like @editDocument.assertAt().
  • There is some issue with CSS :first and :last selectors. I cannot get them working (but maybe I’m doing something wrong?). But in CasperJS you can also use XPath selectors which are fine for matching n-th child of some element (x("//div[@class='modal-footer']/a[1]")).
    Update: :first and :last are not CSS3 selectors, but JQuery ones. Here is a list of CSS3 selectors, all of these are supported by CasperJS. So you can use nth-child(1) is this case. Thanks Andy and Nicolas for the comments!

Working with CasperJS can lead you to a few hour stall, but after getting things working you have a new, cool tool in your box!